10 Fascinating Facts About Painted Lady Butterflies

10 Fascinating Facts About Painted Lady Butterflies The painted woman is one of the most recognizable butterflies on the planet, found on almost all landmasses and in all atmospheres. They are a most loved subject of study in primary school homerooms and are a natural guest to most scene gardens. However regular as they seem to be, painted women have some extraordinary attributes. Here are 10 interesting realities about the painted woman, or Vanessa cardui. 1. The painted woman is the most broadly disseminated butterfly on the planet. Venessa carduiâ inhabits each mainland with the exception of Australia and Antarctica. You can discover painted women wherever from glades to empty parcels. Its occasionally called the cosmopolitan butterfly, due to its worldwide dispersion. In spite of the fact that it is inhabitant just in hotter atmospheres, it regularly relocates into colder areas in spring and fall, making it the butterfly with the vastest dispersion of any species.â 2. The painted woman is some of the time called the thorn butterfly or the cosmopolitanâ butterfly. It is known as the thorn butterfly since thorn plants are its preferred nectar plant for food; it is known as the cosmopolitan butterfly due to its worldwide circulation. Its logical name-Vanessa cardui-interprets as butterfly of thistle.â 3. Painted women have bizarre relocation designs. The painted woman is an irruptive vagrant, implying that it relocates free of any occasional or geographic examples. Some proof proposes that painted woman movements might be connected to the El Niã ±o atmosphere design. In Mexico and some different districts, apparently movement is once in a while identified with overpopulation. The moving populaces that move from North Africa to Europe may incorporate a great many butterflies, and relocating populaces numbering countless people are common. In spring, painted women fly low while moving, generally just 6 to 12 feet over the ground. This makes them profoundly noticeable to butterfly watchers, yet in addition fairly powerless to slamming into vehicles. At different occasions, proof recommends that painted women move at such high heights that they are not seen by any stretch of the imagination, basically showing up in another locale unexpectedly.â 4. Painted women fly quick and far. These medium-sized butterflies can make a ton of progress, up to 100 miles for every day during their movement. A painted woman is fit for arriving at a speed of about 30 miles for every hour. Painted women arrive at northern zones well in front of a portion of their increasingly renowned relocating cousins, likeâ monarch butterflies. Furthermore, on the grounds that they get such an ambitious start to their spring travel, relocating painted women can benefit from spring annuals, similar to fiddlenecks (Amsinckia). 5. Painted woman butterflies don't overwinter in cool locales. Dissimilar to numerous different types of butterflies that relocate to warm atmospheres in winter, painted women kick the bucket once winter hits in colder locales. They are available in chilly districts simply because of their amazing capacity to relocate significant distances from their warm-climate reproducing areas.â 6. Painted woman caterpillars eat thorn. Thorn, which can be an intrusive weed, is one of the painted woman caterpillars most loved food plants. The painted woman likely owes its worldwide bounty to the way that its hatchlings feed on such basic plants. The painted woman likewise passes by the name thorn butterfly, and its logical name-Vanessa cardui-implies butterfly of thistle.â 7. Painted women now and then harm soybean crops. At the point when the butterflies are found in enormous numbers, they can harm soybean crops. The harm happens during the larval stages when caterpillars eat soybean foliage subsequent to bring forth from eggs.â â 8. Guys utilize the roost and watch technique for discovering mates. Male painted women effectively watch their domain for open females toward the evening. Should a male butterflyâ find a mate, he will as a rule retreat with his accomplice to a treetop, where they will mate for the time being. 9. Painted woman caterpillars weave silk tents. In contrast to different caterpillars in the family Vanessa, painted woman hatchlings develop their tents from silk. Youll generally locate their soft safe houses on thorn plants. Comparative species, for example, the American woman caterpillar, make their tents by sewing leaves together. 10. On cloudy days, painted women can frequently be found on the ground, clustering in little dejections. On bright days, the butterflies lean toward open territories loaded up with vivid blossoms.

Critical Reflection and Thinking on Clinical Supervision and Learning

Basic Reflection and Thinking on Clinical Supervision and Learning Presentation With the end goal of this article the terms clinical director and guide will be utilized reciprocally as they are viewed as basically the equivalent in this specific circumstance. Study halls and reading material instruct one to think about a patient whom numerous a period s/he will never truly experience as only occasionally is such a great patient found in all actuality. One should recognize that one has to realize the hypothesis to have the option to apply the training when on the clinical region. The scholarly side of ones learning ought not be belittled by setting all the significance in the functional encounters one experiences. By the by the multifaceted nature of creating and placing ones information into genuine circumstances may just be comprehended through experiential practice. As Eraut (2009) expressed learning in college doesn't give indistinguishable taking in settings from the workplace. Nursing has verifiably procured information through different settings, for example, conventions, experimentation, look into, instinct, job demonstrating and mentorship, thinking and experience. Along these lines experiential learning could well have a significant impact of the premise of veritable instruction whenever used and grew well. Anyway as will be examined in this task experiential learning alone now and again is lacking as a reason for instruction in the complexities of learning practically speaking, clinical administrative jobs and being an equipped wellbeing proficient. 1. learning practically speaking Eraut (2007) longitudinal investigation inferred that under the suitable settings newcomers learned more at work than through conventional techniques. There is a requirement for able learning openings and a steady situation to support and learning in the supervisee. The Experiential learning cycle portrayed by Kolb (1984) coordinates four components: doing, reflecting, learning and applying that learning. The cycle at that point coordinates four different ways of knowing implied information which can be viewed as the supporting of accomplishing in ones work. One knows naturally and keeps on rehearsing instinctively. Next is intelligent information which Mezirow (2000) depicts as including transparently pondering and fundamentally reflecting ones own training. The last two are realizing that (propositional realizing) which emerges from basic reflection and realizing how is the last section of the Kolbs cycle where one discovers capability. One may ponder whether the clinical work environment consistently improves positive conditions for experiential figuring out how to introduce authentic instruction. 1.1 The Clinical working environment Glen (2009: pg 498) alluding to the apprenticeship model that had been around since Florence Nightingale expresses that despite the fact that the model involves organized management along with periods for reflection the result was more planned for achieving the work assignments that on authentic reflection. The advantage of this model is that it gave recently qualified attendants that had accomplished plentiful experience and seen as a skilful and experienced fledgling in this way one could see the premise of training from experiential learning in this model. Anyway this model is not, at this point being used and may have been surrendered too soon (Mc Cormack, Kitson, Harvey, Rycroft-Malone, Titchen and Seers 2001). These days nurture instruction is run contrastingly however one can even now recall the worry in the emergency clinic prepared medical caretakers when preparing for attendants went into college level. One of the primary issues of concern was that nursing is a training calling so why the requirement for additional information to turn into a capable professional? Should attendants not be encouraged more in clinical practice and less in the study hall? Knowing and doing are not something very similar was voiced out numerous a period. This adds to the conviction of numerous that learning by and by is the premise of instruction. The way of life of the clinical practice will likewise impact ones experiential learning result. The state of affairs done here (which could be in a positive or negative demeanor) at either the clinical specialists (singular) level or at the association level or the two levels can impact ones effective final product (McCormack et al 2001). Then again various different factors, for example, the association one works in, nurture deficiencies, working in high patient sharpness, insufficient clinical offices, patients having shorter lengths of remain, reluctance by the nursing staff to give clinical oversight and the a shortage of medical attendants in the clinical territory add to the test of getting veritable training through understanding. Supervisees should be outfitted with the vital aptitudes to examine issues from differing points of view. Experiential learning may introduce the premise of training if the correct test is given; that is inside the degree of the supervisees information and consequently introducing a useful result. If not the experience may wind up being overpowering and as opposed to learning through considering a circumstance it could result rather in using in the long run insufficient adapting techniques. One needs to abuse an encounter through appearance so as to sift through, fathom, give meaning and subsequently make proper and proactive utilization of it. Experiential adapting along these lines needs to give the chance of creating intelligent and other conveyable learning abilities so as to advance the instruction supervisees need and to gain from the experience. 1.2 Critical reflection and thinking Chase and Wainwright (1994, p.84) call attention to that: Regardless of the time spent in a specific region of training, rehearses that are without justification for activities are simply undertaking or technique orientated and need basic request. A few creators have stressed on the way that reflection is essential in connecting the hypothesis and practice hole (Kolb, 1984, McCaugherty, 1992, Schã ¶n, 1987). Executing hypothesis into training requires professionals to fundamentally think about ones own training as well as on the ramifications of ones intercessions. The writing has in addition featured reflection as basic when trying to join hypothesis with training (Meretoja, Eriksson Leino-Kilpi, 2002). Lisko and ODell (2010) recognized that these days working in such a complex clinical condition requires one to utilize first rate basic reasoning, they additionally add that to offer such encounters for one to gain from and to consider has become fundamental this can be accomplished in the various experiential learning openings one experiences. In this way one notes that the nursing calling is slanting to recognize and support intelligent practice and basic reasoning and that it additionally offers instruction as a matter of fact for the two bosses and their supervisees. Baltimore (2004) features that since ideal patient results will rely upon medical attendants activities, attendants need to entirely appreciate a circumstance so as to fundamentally might suspect. Benner (1984) stresses that recording of down to earth encounters and considering them is basic in the turn of events and augmentation of hypothetical information. While Kolbs twofold information hypothesis (Kolb, 1984) delineates that one realizes things by having the option to destroy them combination with contemplating them. One can see that it is acknowledged by the writing that reflection gives the chance to go over choices taken and survey just as assess ones learning so as to improve ones own training as well as whoever they direct. On the other hand does one working atmosphere with its time limitations upgrade this? Is it conceivable to perform intelligent practice at whatever point required (Westberg Jason, 2001)? Is reflection not an unpredictable expertise that is premise should be instructed in the study hall excessively so as to be satisfied by and by? Subsequently can experiential learning alone give the capacity of how to reflect and much more basically think about ones encounters and at last addition information from them? In collaboration with reflection goes along the requirement for input and training which are viewed as significant angles in experiential learning while at the same time regulating; for the supervisee as well as for the manager. 2. Clinical management Cost (2004) features the motivations to why the job of a tutor has appeared, lighting up that the students (supervisees) need to develop into an able and sure qualified medical caretaker and performing practice shrewdness, great clinical aptitudes, mentalities and clinical strategies are best gained in the clinical practice condition. Being doled out to a clinical chief may give the supervisee openings that may not or can't be depicted in homerooms or course readings. One may ponder about whether clinical chiefs have enough resolve and inspirational perspectives left in them to need to continue giving management in such rushed workplaces and medical caretaker deficiencies. Eraut et als (2007) study discoveries noticed that assigned guides in nursing were either great in giving a food or for all intents and purposes pointless. In this manner is Deweys proclamation directly in the last circumstances? Will experiential learning give capable specialists in these circumstances? To turn into a decent tutor/administrator one peruses tall records about the qualities required. Rowley (1999) offers a rundown of ethics a decent guide should hold including duty towards coaching and its qualities, acknowledgment of one mentees paying little heed to ones individual convictions/likes/hates, compelling showing characteristics, great relational abilities with the capacity to adjust to ones supervisees learning nature, and set the case of should be a consistent student and being idealistic towards ones mentees/supervisees. At that point Quinn (2007) depicts the humanistic characteristics fundamental, for example, understanding, being agreeable, strong and comprehensive notwithstanding being certain towards students and a brilliant administration way to deal with instruction esteems. Dark and Smith (2000) add a comical inclination to their rundown.

How to Design a Contract Approval Sheet

How to Design a Contract Approval Sheet Contracts are legally binding agreements between parties that include certain things the parties have to do and agreed upon terms. Although some contracts are informal and are only spoken or implied, most contracts are written down in documents, further formalizing the agreement. Written contracts are generally preferred, because not only does it make the agreement seem more legally binding than it already is, it also provides more protection for the parties involved.Once a contract has been completed between two or more parties, a contractual relationship then arises between or among them. The most common contracts (and contractual relationships) that we encounter have something to do with sale, lease, tenancy, and employment. © Shutterstock.com | Uber ImagesIn this article, you will learn about 1) written contracts and 2) how to design a contract approval sheet.WRITTEN CONTRACTSWhen should a contract be written and when will a verbal agreement be enough for it to be enforceable? There are simply some transactions that, by their nature, require the details of the agreement to be written down in order for it to be enforceable. Examples of such contracts are:Employment contracts, between an employer and an employeeTransfer or sale of real estate property such as land and buildingsInstallment salesInsurance contractsPromise to pay a debtAny contract that takes longer than one year to be completedEarlier, it was mentioned that putting contracts in writing protects the parties more than when they are verbal or simply implied. Business contracts, in particular, are recommended to be put into writing, considering the gravity and scope of the contents or terms involved in the contracts.A written contract is very useful in settling, and even avoiding, disputes that may arise later on. This is one of the main reasons why cautious businesspeople prefer written contracts, as disputes can become costly when they cannot be settled early on. This also prevents any of the parties from changing their minds or reneging on what they initially promised or proposed to do or perform.Depending on the type of transaction involved, there are applicable formats for written contracts that are used. In business, organizations often take it upon themselves to come up with standard formats or templates for contracts. There are, however, parts that must not be omitted. One of them is the Contract Approval Sheet.CONTRACT APPROVAL SHEETParties entering into a contract will undergo a series of negotiations, where all the finer details of the contract will be discussed and pored over. One person or point of contact will be tasked for the contract preparation.Once the final draft of the contract has been prepared, com plete with all the conditions, requirements and specifications, if any, that were taken up during negotiations, it will then be subjected to approval, and for that, there is a need to prepare the Contract Approval Sheet.Before you can perform the terms of the contract or avail of a service being contracted, you must first seek approval to do so, and that requires the Contract Approval Sheet. This document must be prepared and fully accomplished before any new contract is awarded.DESIGNING THE CONTRACT APPROVAL SHEETThe Contract Approval Sheet will contain all the required signatures from the proper signatories. This is because this document shows the written consent by the authorities or contracting parties to proceed with an activity that has been requested or negotiated. Accomplishment of the approval sheet means there is a go-ahead to proceed with the terms of the contract that has been proposed.If you look at various samples of Contract Approval Sheets, you will find that there is no fixed format. There are differences in format and even some content and word choices. However, considering that these sheets have the same purpose, there are standard contents that must be included in them.PreparationThe person who should prepare the Contract Approval Sheet must be someone who has a full understanding of the details of the contract â€" what it is for, and how it will be performed or accomplished. This knowledge will help him determine how to design the sheet.ContentWhat are the items that must be included in the Contract Approval Sheet?We can divide the sheet into two: the technical information part and the approval part. The technical information will contain all the details regarding the contract, while the approval portion will be where the approving official or officer will affix his or her signature.Individual or Party initiating the contract. This may also be the department that is initiating the contract, if applicable. Also indicate the phone numbers o r other contact details of the initiating individuals or parties.Date that the contract has been initiated.Description of the contract. Provide a brief yet concise summary of the contract, tackling the highlights and most important details, such as:The contractor or the other party;The purpose of the agreement or contract;The requirements of the contract;The costs involved;An indication of the status of the contract, whether it is a new agreement, a modification of an already existing contract or agreement, or a renewal of an existing contract that is close to the end of its term;Any changes or alterations made on the contract, and the pages in the contract where they are reflected or made;The period of performance of what is indicated in the contract; andAny involvement of government, federal or other regulatory bodies in the contract.Review history of the contract. Indicate whether the contract has already been reviewed by other regulatory bodies or departments, such as Legal, Adm inistrative or Risk Management, whichever is applicable.The number of original contracts that will be signed, as well as their respective recipients.The approvals and authorizations required.Once the Contract Approval Sheet has been prepared and filled out, it will then be presented to the Approving Official for proper action, which is either to approve or disapprove. Often, his signature will appear at the bottom of the sheet. In many cases, it is also advised that the name of the person who prepared the document be clearly indicated on the page, as well as his signature.The design of the Contract Approval Sheet will largely depend on the type of contract that will be entered into. This is why it is important that the task of designing and preparing the document should be assigned to someone who is privy to the finer details of the contract.

Why Palestinian Children s Rights Are Protected By...

Introduction This paper will investigate the extent to which Palestinian children’s rights are protected by international government. I chose this topic because I have been particularly interested in Palestine for the last few years, as the conflict was brought to my attention by a Palestinian friend of mine. I chose to write about Palestine for my historical investigation in order to learn more about the conflict. For my FIQWS class, I chose Literature/Film in Israel/Palestine so I could continue my studies in Palestinian history. There has also been a rise of turmoil between the 2 countries in the last few years, and I wanted to understand the reasons for the conflict, and how children’s rights are violated. During wartime, countless human rights violations occur, and sometimes people do not speak about it in fear of retribution from others. Yet this is an issue that has to be addressed, because it is still prevalent today. For my paper, I will focus on the violation of Palestinian children’s rights in both Gaza and the West Bank, focusing on different rights, such as: health, education and protection. The research method that I used for this paper was the observational method, where I examined different sources to learn more about the violations of these rights. I used JSTOR to locate online resources, and used articles from different magazines, including Health and Human Rights, Middle East Report and British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. In addition, I usedShow MoreRelatedThe War For Independence From Israel3240 Words   |  13 Pageswith all its support in Gaza and abroad, is severely lacking in weapons compared to the Israeli army, and has resorted to firing rockets across the border. Many have condemned these attacks, and Israel often retaliates, sometimes with extreme force. Why do they then continue? 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William Shakespeare s Antigone - Hubris And Drama Essay

Olivia Seeney ENGL 330 Studies in World Literature 11/21/16 Hubris and Drama in Antigone Hubris may be categorized as two things. As a part of the Greek theater hubris qualifies as being â€Å"the intentional use of violence to humiliate or degrade (Luebering).† However, a more modern qualification defines hubris as â€Å"exaggerated pride or self-confidence (Hubris).† Throughout Antigone both of these different characterizations of the word hubris can be found in specific events and characters. Being a Greek tragedy, it is evident that the concept of hubris plays a very important role in the development of characters and provides the reasoning for why each person does what they do. Much of the drama in this play is born from either excessive pride or from the unnecessary violence against sacred rituals or those who perform them. However, it is also possible to notice characters who fall outside of this hubris and rather choose to fight against it. By going against this traditional Greek dramatic element these characters highlig ht the injustices that are being displayed by those they are going against. Overall, the impact that hubris has had on this tragedy and on the culture as whole affects how each of the characters either use hubris to advance both themselves and their goals, or choose to fight against it for the good of those around them. The incorporation of hubris into Antigone can be visualized specifically by examining two characters in particular. The first character is

Education Review Free Essays

Liting Wang Professor Feindert ENGWR 48007 April 2018 Critique of â€Å"There is Need to Review Our Education System† The article â€Å"There is Need to Review Our Education System† by Rhoda Kalema, a well-known author and title holder of ‘Uganda’s Forum for Women in Democracy as a transformative leader 1996†², looks at some pressing issues that the education system of Uganda currently faces. There have been no proper mechanisms to foresee high-quality education offered in the country. She explains that the experience of educated people shows their fear towards the future to come of the present day education around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Education Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now If people do not have good education, they will not have a bright future. As a result, a country like Uganda might fall backwards and will be left very weak. It will affect the country’s improvement in many ways. She suggests that, the education administration should start focusing on this situation. In addition, both learners and teachers face challenges that make it impossible for the education system to be ranked anywhere in the world. The government is aware of these challenges but offers no solution. Through critique, the key issues facing the primary, secondary, and vocational education in Uganda are examined. The opinion that is currently viable to revive this whole situation is an overall reviewing of the education system from the tradition one to a modern one that will suit the needs of the students and benefit them to fight in equal terms with the rest of the students, if not in the world but Africa. One of the most interesting factors with the education system is one that dates back more than four decades ago when fresh graduate teachers had the aim of literally igniting the classrooms. Shortly when they dive into the adventure towards greatness, these graduates understand that the procedure has been pre-decided and what is required of them is to stick within classroom limits of the syllabus. The objective here is to cover the syllabus, and any idea of presenting new substance is disapproved. There is no space for learning the information’s purpose, an instructor in class is to educate and how well one educates is obvious through students’ execution in exams. Those who have different thoughts of possibly to energize the students, and familiarize them with new ideas and thoughts, influence them to think, and long to know more, are left to swallow their skills and watch as the students follow the old road of the low-quality education. Guardians and parents expect more from schools. They have high expectations that school will change their kids. Occasionally, they even observe the instructor as a wonderful professional of sorts, after all an educator could influence a child to learn. A typical presumption is that tutoring will shape the children and the instructor will be the one individual to guarantee this happens. In any case, things are not as basic and practical as they appear, and teachers face challenges explaining to parents that with this old education system, they should not expect much from their children. What the government has failed to understand is that Education is a public entity, which has a good aim of providing quality training with a specific end goal to reduce variations (instruction as an equalizer). Framework change should address parts of value and correspondence and additionally the more extensive quality objective. The change procedure must be incorporated, problematic, and transformative for there to be substantial outcomes for all students. An intricate procedure must be acknowledged through community-oriented associations amongst government and other key players like guardians, current society, and the private area. Sometimes individuals expect too much from old system framework models to deliver present day 21st-century skilled students. Uganda, like the rest of Africa, has a considerably young populace that forms an important part of the human resource. The youth forms the vital group that is thought to take Africa to the next African Rebellion urged by education and training. Based on the problems that the Ugandan education system is facing, the following are some of the ways that can help redeem the learners from surging into the problematic conditions just like their predecessors. The author’s argument is presented in an organized and visually cluttered manner. The author presents his points with illustrations cited well from the article. The author points out the most exciting factors with the education system. â€Å"Everyone in the country and even those outside who have ever experienced a balanced education about 25-30 years ago are in pain over what is happening in the education sphere†. As evident from the article, shortly when they dive into the adventure towards greatness, these graduates understand that the procedure has been pre-decided and what is required of them is to stick within classroom limits of the syllabus. The objective here is to cover the syllabus, and any idea of presenting new substance is disapproved. Another factor that makes the article organised is the avoidance of placing unnecessary quote in the article. Instead the author options to explain to bring out the main points. For instance, in order to better understand the problems that face the education system because of government failure†¦ â€Å"I would like to reflect on several aspects that I have observed, which will bring doom to our education sector, unless a review is done immediately and aggressively†, the author puts the points down as illustrated below without filling the essay with unnecessary quotes. The author has concrete evidence that he uses to make logical appeals and the strength of this posting is rooted in the author’s ability to bring out points to illustrate the failures that are evident to every reader of the article. Anything that contributes to meeting the huge needs of the education systems in Africa is a positive thing, such programs or projects are driven by people who want to serve the general good of the country in the area that, as a reminder, is the top priority of all priorities. The impression that one’s gets is that there is a desire to be involved in proposing the beginnings of a solution, a standard foundation for teaching that will integrate specific local features and at the same time train future citizens of an interconnected and culturally very mixed world. A change of school learning system will reflect this concept, and it is an interesting one. In conclusion, the author has managed to create a list of reasons that would help the government and relevant stakeholders argue their case mostly for naught. The important thing is that there are on-going discussion and dialogue, and adjustments constantly being made to ensure the consistency at country level and then ideally, at the level of each regional African community, of an educational offering that necessarily has to be diversified. This is also one of the recommendations from the summary of the debate that we must have high-level, national education authorities, which must be separate and independent from the governments. They should also be tasked with the responsibility of managing the fundamental choices affecting education systems in the long term, to set a course that is not changed every time there is a change in government. Work CitedKalema, Rhoda. â€Å"There is Need to Review Our Education System.† Africa News Service, 1 Apr. 2009. Opposing Viewpoints In Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A196876335/OVIC?u=sacr73031;sid=OVIC;xid=d 3a28488. Accessed 3 Apr. 2018. How to cite Education Review, Papers

Water Scarcity and its Effects on the Environment

Abstract The core objective of this research paper is to examine water scarcity and its effects to the environment. This research paper will lean towards a descriptive approach. Several causes of water scarcity will be reviewed in this research and subsequently suggest solutions to the problems will be discussed.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Water Scarcity and its Effects on the Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In conclusion, this research paper will make a number of recommendations to ensure significant strides are achieved in curbing water scarcity. Besides, after reviewing the recommendations applied, this paper will determine ways in which the research results can be dispersed. Introduction Introduction This report will assess the increased demand for water resources as a result of its unavailability. Besides, the paper will also consider the solutions and recommendations for supplying water to all. Water is a valuable resource to humans and the world as a whole. If water resources continue to diminish, the environment will continue to experience the struggle of surviving since the environment, and forests particularly depend on water resources. Huge industrial demand for water, increased populations and agricultural demands for water increase the scarcity of water. Australia, for instance, is estimated to maintain its domestic water needs rise to 70 percent in the near future. Water Scarcity Water scarcity is a problem that is experienced all over the world. It is estimated that over a billion people are annually hit by water scarcity. The U.S. department of state puts a figure of 1.1 billion people who lack safe drinking water while 2.4 billion cannot access basic sanitation. Interestingly, â€Å"water scarcity also occurs in regions that contain freshwater and sufficient amounts rainfall† (Postel 85). This is because sufficiency of water supply depends on water conservation methods, distribution channels available in the community and the quality of water as stated by Postel (192). Besides, meeting the demand for household water use, farms, industry and the environment requires substantial conservation methods and timely distribution methods. It is estimated that one out of every three people on each continent of the globe is affected by water scarcity. As the world population grows the need for more water also increases. Besides, more urban cities are coming up, and urbanization increases the household and industrial consumption. 1.2 billion people across the globe live in areas where water is not present or is physically not available. This is a fifth of the world’s population.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fig. 1.1 (Tag Archive for ‘Water Scarcity’) Fig. 1.2 (BBC NEWS) As shown by the above figure, water scarcity is fast becoming a major challenge in developing countries where a quarter of the world population lives. This is due to â€Å"lack of proper technique of supplying water from sources such as rivers and aquifers to where it is needed most† (Berk 190). In places where water shortage is experienced, communities are forced to use unsafe drinking water for drinking and washing their clothes. Unsafe drinking water increases the chances of water borne diseases such as dysentery, cholera and typhoid fever being transmitted to humans. Furthermore, â€Å"water scarcity can lead to other diseases including trachoma, which is an eye infection that leads to blindness, plague and typhus† (Pereira and Lacovides 299). When people are faced with water scarcity, they institute measures to store water in their home. These measures can include using water tanks or sinking wells. This method leads to a breeding ground for mosquitoes – which are known ca rriers of malaria and dengue fever among others. In the face of all this problems associated with water scarcity, there arises a need to address the issue of water scarcity before it gets out of hand. Better water management policies ensure safety of the communities relying on the water as breeding grounds for insects are eliminated, hence a reduction in water borne diseases like the schistosomiasis which is a devastating illness.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Water Scarcity and its Effects on the Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Sherbinin (26) the shortage of water and agricultural production in poor urban settings utilizes waste water. More than 10% of the world’s population consumes foods that have been grown using waste water. These irrigated foods can contain harmful chemicals or disease-causing organisms. It may almost seem ironical to note that the world has enou gh water for everyone. However, the problem that leads to water shortage is poor distribution. â€Å"Water scarcity is a natural occurrence in some areas. However, in others areas it is a man-made phenomenon† (Sherbinin 26). Similarly, the world is endowed with sufficient water resource to cater for approximately 6 billion people. According to Pereira and Lacovidae 302) scarcity has contributed to uneven distribution channels, wastage. This is because of poor harvest and utilization strategies. Poor methods of handling the water resource have led to water Pollution. Hence, this has created a big challenge that threatening the ecosystem and human population. Types of Water Scarcity Physical Scarcity Physical scarcity of water is prevalent across the world. As the name suggests, access to water sources is physically limited. This happens when the demand for water surpasses the land’s capacity to provide the much-needed water. This form of deficiency is primarily associat ed with the dry parts of the world, including arid regions of the globe as clearly illustrated by the figure below. The northern part of Africa and some parts in Asia and Australia are the worst hit by this physical scarcity. However, we have some regions in the world which do not fall in the dry land category but have man-made physical scarcity. For instance, the Colorado River basin has been â€Å"over used causing physical water scarcity downstream† (Pereira and Lacovides 299). Thus, scarcity can also be attributed to over management of the river resources. Below is Figure 1.3 showing water scarcity distribution around the globe (BBC NEWS) Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Economic Scarcity The most problematic type of water scarcity is economic water scarcity. This happens when no concrete measures are taken to ensure water availability. This situation persists largely due to lack of good governance, and lack of good will to change the situation. Therefore, economic scarcity is demonstrating the lack of resources in terms of funds or monetary benefit to utilize available sources of water. The sub-Saharan Africa falls under this model of economic water scarcity. Unequal water resource distribution is generally experienced in the Sub-Saharan due to several reasons. These reasons are tied to political and ethnic conflicts, which are a common occurrence in this part of the world. As shown in Fig 1.2 much of sub-Saharan Africa falls under economic water scarcity. However, Odgaard explains that in the presence of good governance mechanisms, this situation is manageable (140). In most cases, access to clean and safe water can be as simple as constructing sm all dams for communities to harvest rain water. Besides, the principal objective should be to provide relief for the already suffering communities. To ensure clean water is available to world population, water harvesting techniques should be developed. These need not be complicated as it may mean rain water collection from roof tops and construction of water storage tanks. Without question, this situation can be tackled with the construction effort from the local community, availability of funds and engineering. Water Scarcity in the U.S As highlighted earlier in this research paper, water shortage is a global concern that is affecting communities and the environment and threatens to affect many others if substantial measures are not taken to tackle the scarcity. However, it is difficult to compare the struggle of an African woman walking long distances in search of fresh water with water scarcity as experienced in the United States. The Colorado River is beginning to run dry in som e places; this sounds almost impossible considering the size of the river. Huge water bodies like Lake Mead found in Arizona may become obsolete. These are some of the dramatic changes that are facing the United States with regard to water scarcity. With this realization, more and more people are starting to connect with situations in dry regions of the globe. More so, the effects of water mismanagement are starting to be felt. Research indicates that Lake Mead may run dry by the year 2012. This is a serious issue considering the lake currently supplies up to 22 million people with water. Figure 1.4 shows Lake Mead’s receding water levels (KTAR). This is proof enough that water scarcity is not just a problem of people who never had water but rather a problem for all. Demand for more water and problems associated with pollution is contributing factor to water shortages. The daily demand for water means that the availability of the same will be affected in the future. Many pe ople may thirst in the future if the current trend of wasteful toilet flushes and showerheads are not minimized. Key Causes of Water Scarcity Water scarcity has been caused by increased demand. These demands can be categorized into five major contributors to water shortage. Firstly, industrial water consumption enhances their production has created a strain on water resources. Most industries require having sufficient water supplies in order to perform optimally and produce goods or services. Besides, most mining and oil industries use water in their operations. Thus, water scarcity makes these industries to be more susceptible to water shortages. Secondly, agricultural water needs for farms where there is unreliable rainfall create a huge demand for water, thus exerting more pressure on the already strained water resources. Fig. 1.5 (Links between population and fresh water) As the world population grows, more demand for water is experienced as illustrated by fig 1.4. The world po pulation recently hit 7 billion, and the figure could only mean that pressure to supply water for all is expected to rise. Consumer demand is closely linked to population growth as more and more households require water to maintain their households. Economic growth is a positive step towards improving the lives of people in a given community, but calls for the need to supply resources to fuel it. One of it is water; hence as more economic growth is experienced more demand for water is created. Suggested Solutions to Water Scarcity Environmentalists maintain that immediate solutions have to be devised. Low cost solutions come in handy. In China for instance, farmers are already making use of these inexpensive water conservation methods with great results (FFTC). However, â€Å"low cost solutions, for example, creating still water conservation may harm the population downstream† (Berk 190). Therefore, it is important for the conservation efforts to involve everyone to provide a n amicable solution for all. Fig. 1.6 showing the global water usage (Umwelt Bundes Amt) Conclusion In order to ensure water scarcity is effectively tackled, total commitment to set targets and solutions is required. Figure 1.5 clearly indicates that the demand for water is rising, and as a matter of urgency, conservation efforts will bear fruit if every one of us realizes that they have a role to play. Constant assessment of the strategies governing water bodies and their utilization will ensure that positive progress is achieved. Though much effort has been focused on water conservation, its use and proper management should be emphasized as it will ensure clean water service delivery for us and generations to come. Moreover, focus on climate changes and environmental degradation should also be improved, and a positive environmental culture encouraged. Works Cited BBC NEWS. Map Details, Global Water Stress. 2006. Web. Berk, Richard. Water Shortage: Lessons in Conservation from the Great California Drought. Halifax: Abt Books, 1981. Print. FFTC. Irrigation Management in Rice-Based Cropping Systems: Issues and Challenges in Southeast Asia.† 1998. Web. KTAR. As Lake Meads Drops, Water Concerns Rise. 2010. Web. Links between Population and Fresh Water. Population Growth and Water. 1996. Web. Odgaard, Rie. Conflicts over land water in Africa. Michigan: MSU Press, 2007. Print. Pereira, Cordery and Lacovides. Coping With Water Scarcity, Addressing the Challenges.  New York: Springer, 2009. Print. Postel, Sandra. The Last Oasis: Facing Water Scarcity. Oxford: Earthscan, 1992. Print. Sherbinin, Alex. Water and Population Dynamics: Local Approaches to a Global Challenge.  Montreal: IUCN, 2009. Print. Tag Archive for ‘Water Scarcity’. â€Å"Hydro-diplomacy† Needed to Avert Arab Water Wars. 2011. Web. Umwelt Bundes Amt. Exhibitions from the Umwelt bundes amt (Federal Environment Agency). 2010. Web. This research paper on Water Scarcity and its Effects on the Environment was written and submitted by user Seth Sherman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

supreme courts reactivity to popular will in modern times essays

supreme courts reactivity to popular will in modern times essays The Supreme Court safeguards much of its power by creating walls to separate its power from public opinion and political pandering. And while impartiality is undoubtedly the preeminent characteristic desirable in a justice, it is impossible to nominate a human being that is not at least partially fallible and swayed by the society around him. The Warren Court of 1953 to 1969 perfectly illustrates the concurrent philosophies of the Court with the prevailing political party of the day. The growing thought of the time was for increased civil rights and an activist government. President Eisenhower integrated the military and was a strong voice for racial reconciliation. John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson were liberals who were both interested in achieving the Great Society, with racial equality a chief goal. In 1954 the Warren Court unanimously followed the trend of the time, and ruled in Brown v. Board of Ed. that separating blacks from whites was inherently unequal, thereby paving the way for the entire civil rights movement. In '64 the court continued to reflect public opinion, when it chose to accept the very loose interpretation of the interstate commerce clause to further it's activist agenda in the Heart of Atlanta Motel Case, by saying blacks could not be barred from staying in private establishments. The War ren Court reflected the prevailing Democrats in criminal rights as well. Between '61 and '66 the Mapp, Gideon, and Miranda cases all dramatically increased rights of the accused, simultaneous to the most rampant popularity of the Democrats. The Warren court championed separation of church and state, in Engel v. Vitale ('62) and Abbington v. Schempp ('63), and freedom of speech, in Tinker v. Des Moines ('69), as did its Democratic counterparts in Congress and the White House. Of course it is important to recognize that the Warren Court was not merely a knee jerk respondent to public opinion. Many of its decision...

Participar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

Participar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples The Spanish verb participar is a cognate of the English verb to participate, which means that both words are derived from the same root word and have similar meanings. Participar is a regular -ar verb, like tratar and ayudar. This article includes participar conjugations in the indicative mood (present, past, conditional, and future), the subjunctive mood (present and past), the imperative mood, and other verb forms. Using the Verb Participar Since participar is a cognate of the English participate, it has the same meaning in both languages. Therefore, you can use participar in most contexts when you would use the English verb participate. For example, you can say Quiero participar en la competencia (I want to participate in the competition). However, in Spanish participar can be used in a few ways that do not translate to English. For example, it can be used to mean to share information or inform, as in Ella me participà ³ de la fecha de la reunià ³n (She shared with me the date of the meeting); or to share or get a share of something, as in Todos participamos de los beneficios de la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a (We all share in the companys benefits). Participar Present Indicative Yo participo I participate Yo participo en la clase. Tà º participas You participate Tà º participas en las reuniones importantes. Usted/à ©l/ella participa You/he/she participates Ella participa en la conferencia como invitada especial. Nosotros participamos We participate Nosotros participamosen la carrera. Vosotros participis Youparticipate Vosotros participis en la organizacià ³n de la fiesta. Ustedes/ellos/ellas participan You/they participate Ellos participanen las elecciones polà ­ticas. Participar Preterite Indicative The preterite tense is usually translated to English as the simple past. It is used to describe completed actions in the past. Yo participà © I participated Yo participà © en la clase. Tà º participaste You participated Tà º participaste en las reuniones importantes. Usted/à ©l/ella participà ³ You/he/she participated Ella participà ³ en la conferencia como invitada especial. Nosotros participamos We participated Nosotros participamosen la carrera. Vosotros participasteis Youparticipated Vosotros participasteis en la organizacià ³n de la fiesta. Ustedes/ellos/ellas participaron You/they participated Ellos participaron en las elecciones polà ­ticas. Participar Imperfect Indicative The imperfect tense is also a past tense, but it is used to talk about ongoing or repeated actions in the past. It is usually translated to English as was participating or used to participate. Yo participaba I used to participate Yo participaba en la clase. Tà º participabas You used to participate Tà º participabas en las reuniones importantes. Usted/à ©l/ella participaba You/he/she used to participate Ella participaba en la conferencia como invitada especial. Nosotros participbamos We used to participate Nosotros participbamosen la carrera. Vosotros participabais Youused to participate Vosotros participabais en la organizacià ³n de la fiesta. Ustedes/ellos/ellas participaban You/they used to participate Ellos participaban en las elecciones polà ­ticas. Participar Future Indicative Yo participarà © I will participate Yo participarà © en la clase. Tà º participars You will participate Tà º participars en las reuniones importantes. Usted/à ©l/ella participar You/he/she will participate Ella participar en la conferencia como invitada especial. Nosotros participaremos We will participate Nosotros participaremosen la carrera. Vosotros participarà ©is Youwill participate Vosotros participarà ©is en la organizacià ³n de la fiesta. Ustedes/ellos/ellas participarn You/they will participate Ellos participarn en las elecciones polà ­ticas. Participar Periphrastic  Future Indicative   The periphrastic future has three different components: the present indicative conjugation of the verb ir (to go), the preposition a, and the infinitive participar. Yo voy a participar I am going to participate Yo voya participar en la clase. Tà º vasa participar You aregoing toparticipate Tà º vasa participar en las reuniones importantes. Usted/à ©l/ella vaa participar You/he/she isgoing toparticipate Ella vaa participar en la conferencia como invitada especial. Nosotros vamosa participar We aregoing toparticipate Nosotros vamosa participar en la carrera. Vosotros vaisa participar Youaregoing toparticipate Vosotros vaisa participar en la organizacià ³n de la fiesta. Ustedes/ellos/ellas vana participar You/they aregoing toparticipate Ellos vana participar en las elecciones polà ­ticas. Participar Present Progressive/Gerund Form The present participle or gerund is a verb form that is often used as an adverb or to form progressive verb forms like the present progressive. Present Progressive ofParticipar est participando Is participating Ella est participando en la conferencia como invitada especial. Participar Past Participle The past participle can be used as an adjective or to form perfect tenses like the present perfect. Present Perfect of Participar ha participado Has participated Ella ha participado en la conferencia como invitada especial. Participar Conditional Indicative The conditional tense is usually translated to English as would verb, and it is used to talk about possibilities. Yo participarà ­a I will participate Yo participarà ­a en la clase si no fuera tan tà ­mida. Tà º participarà ­as You will participate Tà º participarà ­as en las reuniones importantes si te invitaran. Usted/à ©l/ella participarà ­a You/he/she will participate Ella participarà ­a en la conferencia como invitada especial si pudiera asistir. Nosotros participarà ­amos We will participate Nosotros participarà ­amosen la carrera si entrenramos suficiente. Vosotros participarà ­ais Youwill participate Vosotros participarà ­ais en la organizacià ³n de la fiesta si pudierais asistir. Ustedes/ellos/ellas participarà ­an You/they will participate Ellos participarà ­an en las elecciones polà ­ticas si pudieran votar. Participar Present Subjunctive Que yo participe That I participate La maestra quiere que yo participe en la clase. Que tà º participes That you participate El jefe pide que tà º participes en las reuniones importantes. Que usted/à ©l/ella participe That you/he/she participate La profesora espera que ella participe en la conferencia como invitada especial. Que nosotros participemos That we participate El entrenador quiere que nosotros participemos en la carrera. Que vosotros participà ©is That you participate Patricia necesita que vosotros participà ©isen la organizacià ³n de la fiesta. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas participen That you/they participate El gobernador quiere que ellos participen en las elecciones polà ­ticas. Participar Imperfect Subjunctive The imperfect subjunctive can be conjugated in two different ways, shown in the tables below. Option 1 Que yo participara That I participated La maestra querà ­a que yo participara en la clase. Que tà º participaras That you participated El jefe pidià ³ que tà º participaras en las reuniones importantes. Que usted/à ©l/ella participara That you/he/she participated La profesora esperaba que ella participara en la conferencia como invitada especial. Que nosotros participramos That we participated El entrenador querà ­a que nosotros participramosen la carrera. Que vosotros participarais That you participated Patricia necesitaba que vosotros participaraisen la organizacià ³n de la fiesta. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas participaran That you/they participated El gobernador querà ­a que ellos participaran en las elecciones polà ­ticas. Option 2 Que yo participase That I participated La maestra querà ­a que yo participase en la clase. Que tà º participases That you participated El jefe pidià ³ que tà º participases en las reuniones importantes. Que usted/à ©l/ella participase That you/he/she participated La profesora esperaba que ella participase en la conferencia como invitada especial. Que nosotros participsemos That we participated El entrenador querà ­a que nosotros participsemosen la carrera. Que vosotros participaseis That you participated Patricia necesitaba que vosotros participaseisen la organizacià ³n de la fiesta. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas participasen That you/they participated El gobernador querà ­a que ellos participasen en las elecciones polà ­ticas. Participar Imperative The imperative mood consists of commands, both positive and negative. Positive Commands Tà º participa Participate!  ¡Participa en las reuniones importantes! Usted participe Participate!  ¡Participe en la conferencia como invitada especial! Nosotros participemos Let's participate!  ¡Participemos en la carrera! Vosotros participad Participate!  ¡Participad en la organizacià ³n de la fiesta! Ustedes participen Participate!  ¡Participen en las elecciones polà ­ticas! Negative Commands Tà º no participes Don't participate!  ¡No participes en las reuniones importantes! Usted no participe Don't participate!  ¡No participe en la conferencia como invitada especial! Nosotros no participemos Let's not participate!  ¡No participemos en la carrera! Vosotros no participà ©is Don't participate!  ¡No participà ©is en la planeacià ³n de la fiesta! Ustedes no participen Don't participate!  ¡No participen en las elecciones polà ­ticas!

Narrative Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Narrative Speech - Essay Example She was an advocate of the post Cold War neoconservative agenda and helped to shape many of the anti-terror policies of the GW Bush administration. Paraphrase: Our freedom is not protected by a strong national defense alone. It requires the support of the intellectuals and academics that define and promote freedom in a way that makes its significance understandable to all men. Only when we understand the meaning of freedom are we able to promote it around the world as a treasure worth fighting for. Narrative: I can still remember that calm summer morning as I sat on the couch and watched a second airplane explode into the side of the Twin Towers. A confused Brian Gumble was reporting live and it was clear by his loss of words that the incident confused him. I instinctively knew that the US was under attack from some foreign enemy, and though as my anger welled up inside me the onrush of thoughts prevented my mouth from speaking. I knew what I wanted to say, but did not know how to say it. Months later as the missiles hit Baghdad I sat in a state of awe of the military might, again I was lost for words, thinking only that revenge was finally on its way. As the war ground on, I felt the smugness of victory and the glory of a position that I still was unable to articulate. When Jeane Kirkpatrick died in 2006, I was reminded of her quote that said, "No government, no foreign policy, is more important to the defense of freedom than are the writers, teachers, communication specialists, researchers - whose responsibility it is to document, illustrate, and explain the human consequence of freedom and unfreedom". I was reminded of all my previous teachers, the average people from average places, who had for years encouraged me to express my self. I suddenly felt driven to "document, illustrate, and explain the human consequence". As I attend school the need to communicate has become a central focus of my college

WICKED ANALYSIS PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

WICKED ANALYSIS PAPER - Essay Example When this is coupled with her high intelligence and her activist aspirations, the conventional society within the book perceives her as evil, eventually dubbing her The Wicked Witch of the West. Because she can be seen as having a difference in the way she looks and because her belief systems do not agree with the current trends in government, Elphaba is viewed from her society as an instrument for evil. Author Gregory Maguire has given Elphaba many attributes beyond her green skin that make her different than the people around her. She was born with sharp teeth and her first act after the experience of being born was to bite off the finger of a fishwife (20). Maguire writes of her as she imitates a dragon during her infancy that â€Å"Her green skin made her more persuasive as if she were a dragon child. She roared again - â€Å"Oh sweetheart don’t† sad Frex - and she peed on the floor, and sniffed her urine with satisfaction and disgust.† (44). In developing the many aspects of her personality with stories that support her differences to the social setting around her, she is being set apart for aspects of physical representation that foreshadow differences in her social assimilation that will eventually turn her society against her. human beings themselves judge that conductâ€Å" (48). For Elphaba, this begins with her physical appearance. After this initial physical identifying characteristic is developed by Maguire, her defining moments become more deeply established in the disagreement she develops with societal decisions that she feels leave others in a disadvantaged position. The government had put restrictions on Animals - creatures who were capable of speaking and thinking in the same way as humans. In a compassionate stance, she begins to act on their behalf, behaving as a revolutionary. Because of her actions, her character begins to

Hurricane Katrina Essay -- Natural Disasters Papers

Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina has been one the most devastating natural disasters to hit USA ever costing a total of 125 billion dollars, and leaving almost 1000 dead. We need to look at ways of preventing such a disaster. As this is the only problem, we can predict and perceive how dangerous a hurricane can be but preventing one is a different matter entirely. The U.S. National Hurricane Centre (NHC) reported on August 23 that Tropical Depression Twelve had formed over the south-eastern Bahamas this was soon to be named hurricane Katrina, it was upgraded to a hurricane on the 25th of august, it hit land the same day lousing its strength while travailing over Florida. Although on the 26th of August it grew it to a category 2 hurricane. It became clear the storm was headed for Mississippi and Louisiana. The next day the hurricane grew to category 3 and again the day after, the storm grew in intensity and on August the 28th it became category 5 with winds up 214mph. Katrina made...

Organizational behavior in Southwest Airlines Essay

Organizational behavior is a tool that any organisation that wants to be successful must use in order to attain its goals and objectives. Organizational behavior interprets all the relationships in an organization and manipulates them in order to attain the organizational objectives. The relationships that are assessed include the relationships between the organization and a person, people, groups and the society in general. The major goal of organizational behavior is to improve all these relationships so that in the process, the organizational objectives can be achieved. It is a broad concept that can be viewed from different dimensions. Organizational behavior has many elements which are dictated by the management’s approach to operations of an organization. The approach used determines the culture in an organization. Culture is the way in which an organization carries out its activities, including the communication links, leadership style, and other dynamics which workers derive their motivation from. The motivation determines the performance and growth of the organization. Four models are usually used within organizations, and the model used is determined by the management strategy. The first model is the autocratic model and it vests power with the management, according to Davidson (2003). He says that the employees are required to obey the chain of command and that this approach does not usually yield high performance results. The second model is the custodial model and it is geared towards rewarding the employees according to the performance. This type of approach does not yield optimum performance results as employees cooperate with the management passively. The third model, he further explains, is the supportive model and this model stresses the need for a leadership structure that supports employees in terms of performance. This approach motivates the employees to achieve optimal performance. The last model is the collegial model and this emphasizes team work among employees in performance of their duties. It encourages discipline and responsibility thus achieving moderate performance results. It is important to note that most organizations use a combination of the models to achieve their goals. Organizational structure Southwest airlines was started in 1971 by Herb Kelleher and Rolling King, according to Harris (2001). The reasoning behind the idea, he says, was that passengers would use an airline if the airline reached the destination on time, was reasonably priced and if passengers enjoyed their flights. That idea is what has propelled Southwest airlines to be the among the top four largest airlines in the United States. Every year, the airline transports over 60 million passengers across 30 states using over 300 air-crafts (Cohan, 2003). The airline specializes in the low-fare transport and it has a model that is so impressive that it is being emulated by other airlines. The success of Southwest Airline can be attributed to the organizational approaches that are used in the daily operations of the airline. The organization uses certain concepts of organizational behavior that help the management achieve the goal of the airline. One of the concepts that Southwest Airline uses is the organizational structure. This is the nature of relationships along the hierarchical structure of the organization. The organizational structure usually determines how the operations of the airline are carried out. This is because it guides the sharing of responsibilities among the employees according to their ranks. In the Southwest Airline, some people describe the organizational structure as a pyramid that is inverted. This implies that the people that are at the top levels of management go to the bottom levels to motivate the employees. This is a characteristic that is featured in the supportive model. When the managers talk to the people at the lower levels of management and listen to their views, they end up motivating their employees. Herb Kelleher, one of the founders of Southwest Airlines is reported to have stayed in a bar until the wee hours of the morning so that he could talk to his mechanic and hear his views concerning the airline. His leadership style ensures that everyone participates in the making of a decision. This is important since it ensures that everyone is bound by decisions they make as opposed to decisions being imposed upon them. Kelleher tries to motivate his employees to be open minded and to express themselves freely without constraints such as ranks between themselves. Kelleher is at the forefront of practicing what he believes in and is said to know names of almost all of his employees. This organizational structure is reflected even in the board where the directors are elected by shareholders. This enables all stakeholders to have confidence in the running of the airline as they have a right to choose the people who run the airline. The management of Southwest Airlines is very keen to reduce bureaucracy as it is aware of the negative effects it has in an organization. This is done through decentralizing responsibilities to the employees. The Southwest Aviation organizational structure is in such a way that employees have access to information. The rationale behind it, is that it is important for employees to have unlimited information so that they can make independent decisions, which is vital in a dynamic industry like aviation. This structure also takes care of the needs of the clients. There are links available in the airline’s website that address any complaints and suggestions that the clients may have. There are also avenues where customers write letters expressing the same, and the management makes sure all the letters are replied to. In fact, customers write over one thousand letters every week and each letter gets a reply within one month. At times, the schedule of flights may be changed in order to cater for the needs of frequent fliers. Motivation. This is the focus of energy towards the achievement of a certain goal. The motivation of someone to do something may arise from internal forces such as interests and beliefs or external forces such as danger. There are several things that the management can do to motivate employees. One, the management should align the goals of the organization with the needs of the employees. This means that the nature of jobs that the employees do should be aligned with their beliefs. For example, if the company conducts its affairs in a fraudulent manner, the employees are also likely to perpetrate fraud against the company. The company should also reward good behavior since it will motivate the employees to work harder. The rewards need not be big, a ‘thank you note’ is sufficient. The senior managers should set good examples to their employees by obeying the rules they set so that the employees can also do the same. Another factor that brings motivation to employees is development of morale and team spirit. This means that the working environment should be pleasant to the employees and they should look forward to going to work. The employees should also identify with the company. Participation is another factor that can increase motivation. This means that the employees participate in the making of decisions and solving of problems to ensure that they feel as part of the process and are thus bound by it. Southwest Airline was the first airline in the United States to begin a profit sharing plan, with its employees. It began sharing its profits with its employees in 1974 and has done it since then. In the year 2000, Southwest Airline offered its employees $138 million in the profit sharing plan (McConnell, 2002). This is a major motivation to the employees since they feel appreciated by the airline. This incentive also motivates them to work harder so that the following year they can get higher benefits. Besides these benefits, there are other incentives and awards, like ’employee of the month’ award. However, an unusual way of praising employees is visible in a bill board at Southwest Airline’s headquarters in Dallas. The billboard praises the employees of Southwest Airline for making Kelleher’s dream come true. The corridors are further lined with photographs of parties that employees attended in order to complete the picture. In case of illnesses or child birth, the employees are given presents by the airline (Cohan, 2003). All this demonstrates to the employees that they are the most important assets of the the company. Southwest Airline goes a step further and trains over twenty thousand employees every year in its own university. The university teaches the employees values of the airline and encourages open minded thinking. Southwest Airline is also very supportive of its employees in terms of encouragement to come up with new ideas or doing the same things, differently. An example is ‘walk a mile in my shoes’ program where co-workers exchange jobs with their colleagues from different departments for one day in order to experience what the other employees go through. Lastly, the greatest motivation from the airline comes from Kelleher. He has a great sense of humor, he has ‘hands on’ style of leadership and has a vision that inspires employees to work harder to achieve. Some people actually regard Southwest Airline as the most friendly airline in the United States. Power and politics Politics is present in all aspects of society. Politics creates power and thus an impact that is felt by everyone in the society. It is virtually impossible to separate politics from society (Hessian, 2000). Politics is present in educational institutions, in religion and other elements of a social network. Eventually, politics finds its way into the business world. It is important to prevent politics from interfering with the operations of a company as this prevents the company from achieving its goals and could lead to its downfall. There are however positive aspects that come about as a result of power and politics in an organization. Large companies are able to seal deals, merge with other companies, acquire the smaller companies and so on. Others are the economies of scale, that include the ability to acquire loans from banks, discounts from suppliers due to buying in bulk and the goodwill that attracts customers to the company as a result of being a brand name. Southwest is a very big airline, and the fact that it is among the four largest airlines in the United States guarantees that it is powerful. Its strategy to cater for low cost customers has seen it grow and own over three hundred air-crafts, all Boeing models. The power means that the airline is susceptible to political interference. This is something that the board should guard against. Unfortunately, there have been a few weaknesses in the airline as a result of power and politics. Southwest Airline offers coach seats and it does not offer in-flight meals, it just offers snacks. This is as a result of the growth that it has experienced due to investment in the low cost model. Unfortunately, other airlines have imitated the model due to its popularity. This is unfortunate since in the near future, the model will have become so common that passengers will no longer associate it with Southwest Airline. Another problem associated with the lack of in flight meals is that other airlines are taking full advantage of it when advertising since that is the only area that they are superior to Southwest Airline. Either due to power or politics, the airline does not pay attention to these perceived minute, but major details that may lead to its downfall. According to Brown (2001), regulators allowed Southwest Airline to violate safety regulations, on numerous occasions, without facing consequences. This arose because of the power that the airline has that enables it to have a close relationship with Federal officials. The report by the inspector general revealed that Southwest Airline had violated more regulations than it had been thought. The report also revealed that managers of the Federal Aviation Administration had negligently given the airline a pardon. It finally became clear that the airline violates safety regulations repeatedly. Further investigations revealed that the airline has violated at least eight regulations including an error that cost $10 million in fines. The fine led to some employees facing compulsory leave but that in many people’s opinion, is a case of ‘too little, too late’. This cannot be acceptable since flouting such regulations is not only gambling with the airline’s goodwill that has taken years to build, but it is gambling with people’s lives. Such negligent acts can be attributed to power and politics and should be avoided at all costs. The airline has also faced numerous lawsuits ranging from accusations of failure to inspect the plane before take off to negligently allowing a crash landing, in Illinois in 2005 which led to fatalities. It is important to note that before passengers choose an airline, they check the safety record. This is the reason that passenger traffic reduced after the September 11, 2001 attacks. In light of this, regardless of whether the airline is a major player or not, it will lose its customers if these kinds of allegations continue being reported. That will be the downfall of an airline whose reputation took years to build. The airline should be very wary when dealing with the lives of its passengers and should not take its power and support for granted. Conclusion. Southwest Airline has been transformed from being a simple idea to being one of the top players in the aviation industry. It has become evident that for an airline to succeed, it should target a specific class of customers and that it should take the welfare of its employees very seriously. Some of the best ways of motivating employees are inexpensive, a pat on the back can do a lot in raising the self esteem of an employee in an organization. Motivating the employees will help them achieve their potential. Bureaucracy should be eliminated to ensure free flow of information. Managers should work with the lower cadre employees in order to make them feel appreciated. Lastly, politics and power should be regulated to prevent interference with the workings of organizations. Southwest Aviation should correct the few weaknesses that it experiences and it will hopefully become the biggest airline in the United States in future.

The friendship of Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Gauguin Free Essay Example, 750 words

The friendship of Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Gauguin Anticipation The anticipation that Paul Gauguin had, when he decided to visitand live with Vincent Van Gogh at the Yellow House in Arles, was that he would find a more primitive and uncharted way of life where his lifestyle cold fit, having struggled to keep up with the lavish life that his fellow painters and the rich were living in Paris (Phelan, n.p. ). Paris had become completely unbearable for Gauguin, and the depression he was going through could only have been matched by that of Van Gogh, who was equally an unsuccessful painter trying to make ends meet. Paul Gauguin was recommended to visit Arles by his other friend, Jean-Jacques Rousseau who had promised him that he will find a society that was uncorrupted by wealth and civilization, where he could experience primitive conditions of happiness (Silverman, n.p. ). The other anticipation that Gauguin had was that he could establish a more intimate painting connection with Van Gogh, and out of it they could bring their painting talent together to create other a successful painting empire, like the two sunflowers painting that Van Gogh had created. We will write a custom essay sample on The friendship of Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Gauguin or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now In this respect, Gauguin anticipated that he could tap on his friend’s talent and make some impressive paintings during this vacation (Stone, 22). The last of his anticipation was that he would continue building on his friendship with Van Gogh and his brother Theo, owing to the fact that Van Gogh had invited and waited for Gauguin for long, while Theo was the one who encouraged him to visit the Yellow House (Phelan, n.p. ). Expectations The expectations that Paul Gauguin had while visiting Van Gogh was that out of their friendship and combined efforts, success for the two relatively new yet older artists would spark a more beautiful life for the two of them, owing the fact that both had shared a similarity in living a depressed life previously (Stone, 42). When he arrived at Van Gogh’s house, things turned out to be different, since the anticipated happiness and the cordial relationship they sought to create did not come about. The friendly connections lasted a little while, and then arguments between them started drawing them apart, as they could neither agree on the locations where they should paint, nor the mode of painting to adapt. While Van Gogh preferred painting outdoors and from viewing nature as his major inspiration, Paul Gauguin contrasted this view, insisting that they ought to develop their paintings from imagination (Phelan, n.p. ). Thus, after a few weeks of living together, the situation in the house had become more stressful and aggravated to the point that the two painters could no longer see eye-to-eye. The problem would become even more whenever Paul Gauguin raised the topic of leaving the Yellow House, since Van Gogh did not want to be left alone, despite the fact that they did not have a friendly relationship anymore (Silverman, n.p. ). Nevertheless, Gauguin kept expecting that they would mend their relationship, and continue working together productively, but the situation did not change until the time Gauguin was leaving Arles. Disappointments Paul Gauguin went to Arles expecting to find a new form of happiness, serenity and rest from the discomfort of life that he had experienced in Paris, most especially since he did not have enough money to support his living there (Stone, 36). However, the whole visit turned out to be a great disappointment for both painters, as they would not agree on virtually anything related to their painting work, such that the outcome was a more depressed life for both. The anticipated outcome that the two painters would build a painting empire that would flourish eventually turned out to be a great regret for Gauguin, who was very optimistic of the positive impact the visit to Arles would have on his life (Phelan, n.p. ). But the greatest disappointment for Gauguin came when it eventually became clear that the heightened argument between him and Van Gogh was not merely based on natural disagreements, but based on the fact that Van Gogh’s mental health was deteriorating. On the evening of December 23, 1888, the two artists had an argument which culminated in Van Gogh slashing his earlobe with a razor he was carrying, setting the stage for Paul Gauguin to leave Arles, while at the same time being the beginning of the end of the physical contact between the two painters (Phelan, n.p. ). Thus, the Arles visit was a double tragedy for Paul Gauguin, who never experienced the happiness and success he went to search, while at the same time came out in constrained terms with Van Gogh. The two painters did not meet again face to face, but kept their correspondence through mails, until the death of Van Gogh. Works Cited Phelan, Joseph. Tragedy and Triumph at Arles: Van Gogh and Gauguin. Art Encyclopedia, November, 2001. Web. November 7, 2014 Silverman, Debora. Van Gogh and Gauguin: The Search for Sacred Art. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, November 2000. Web. November 7, 2014 Stone, Irving. Dear Theo: The Autobiography of Vincent van Gogh. New York: Plume, 1995. Van Gogh, Vincent. â€Å"Letter to Paul Gauguin. † Written 22 or 23 January 1889 in Arles. Translated by Robert Harrison, edited by Robert Harrison, number VG. Web. November 7, 2014